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Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD), also known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is a hormonal disorder that primarily affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, along with a range of symptoms related to hormonal imbalances.
PCOD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to involve insulin resistance, elevated androgen levels (male hormones), and abnormal follicle development in the ovaries.
One of the key features of PCOD is the disruption of normal ovarian function. Instead of releasing mature eggs during the menstrual cycle, the ovaries in women with PCOD produce an excess of immature or partially-mature eggs. These eggs can form small fluid-filled sacs or cysts on the ovaries, giving the condition its name.
The symptoms of PCOD can vary from woman to woman and may include:
In addition to these symptoms, PCOD is also linked to various long-term health risks. Women with PCOD have a higher likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, abnormal lipid levels, and cardiovascular disease.
Diagnosing PCOD involves a combination of evaluating symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and specific tests. These tests may include hormone level assessments, ultrasound imaging of the ovaries to detect cysts, and sometimes additional blood tests to rule out other conditions.
While PCOD cannot be cured, its symptoms can be managed through various treatment approaches. Treatment goals may include regulating menstrual cycles, managing hormonal imbalances, improving fertility, and addressing associated health risks.
The treatment options for PCOD may include:
Managing PCOD also requires regular monitoring and follow-up visits with healthcare providers.
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